Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche

Beyond Good and Evil is one of the most famous works by Friedrich Nietzsche, written in 1886. This work is a kind of analysis that wills certainly to truth. His ideas are â€Å"beyond good and evil†; they are much deeper, and this is why they are so attractive and correct to lots of readers. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This work helps to discover not only the truth as it is, but also men’s truth that is crucially important for the society. With the help of a deep analysis of self-perception and religious issues, the reader gets a wonderful opportunity to analyze the truth and its components, to comprehend why truth is so important, and to investigate all spheres of life taking into consideration various perspectives. Nietzsche was the only person who affirmed that â€Å"God is dead†. This statement appears in hi s several works. Even if Nietzsche did not concentrate on the idea of the dead God in his Beyond Good and Evil, that very thought is still considered to be present between the lines of the book, just expressed in other words. In order to comprehend whether Nietzsche kept to such an idea of the dead God in all his works, and Beyond Good and Evil in particular, it is better to analyze his original works, written in German, and grasp the major idea of translation and the reproduction of the thoughts, and only than start analyzing them. Friedrich Nietzsche is a German philosopher and writer, this is why it is necessary to underline that all his works were written in German and translated by other people in many languages in different ways. The point is that translated works may not represent the major idea that the original author had in mind. For example, in The Gay Science (in German, it sounds as Die frà ¶hliche Wissenschaft),Nietzsche said that â€Å"God ist tot!† All write rs translated this very idea literary, as â€Å"God is dead!† Maybe, it is one of their big mistakes to translate the words with such a serious meaning in a literary way, which can easily confuse the reader. Such translations make lots philosophers and Nietzsche’s followers in particular to think that Nietzsche was an atheist. However, it was not true. In spite of all facts, Nietzsche believed in God (if this were not true, he could hardly create his works and write about God and his role in every person’s life). If Nietzsche says that there is no God, it will make all his works and our life senseless. If God is already dead, he had to be alive some time. Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More And if he was alive, there should be some reasons for his death. In The Gay Science, Nietzsche mentions that God is dead because â€Å"we† have killed him. (p. 120) The f irst question that appears in my who all those â€Å"we† – all people or philosophers only. But, in fact, is it possible to kill God? Hardly! This is why, it is crucially important to think once again how it can be true that God is dead. The German word tot may be also translated as obsolete or even no longer useful. Taking into account such meanings, it is possible to think that Nietzsche had another thought in mind that not the idea, which is know to lots of people. This is why it is possible to find out the similar ideas in Beyond Good and Evil. The major theme in Beyond Good and Evil is the exploration of truth regardless of numerous religious, social, and moral aspects. According to Nietzsche, every person is able to comprehend truth on a certain level. Unfortunately, each belief may be comprehended in different ways and even makes a person blindly faithful. Nietzsche underlines the fact that only men may understand and delve feels. Women are not able to complete the same task of the same level. Even more, Nietzsche scorns females from time to time. In Beyond Good and Evils, Nietzsche supposes that Truth itself is a woman, and lots of male philosophers have already tried to comprehend female nature and failed all their attempts. Female nature will never allow herself to be won by men. (p. 3) In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche also tells about Nihilism and its effect on the exploration of truth. The author tells that one of the possible reasons, which do not allow to comprehend everything clearly, is the idea of the old God. (p. 22) And this is what is so crucially important in order to answer the major question – if Nietzsche uses the idea of the dead God in Beyond Good and Evil. After we analyze, that the translations of the works by Nietzsche may not really correctly represent his ideas and intentions, and clear up that his idea of the dead God may be interpreted in English in several ways, we can surely say that Beyond Good and Ev il is also one of the works, which are based on the Nietzsche’s idea that God is dead. In this work, he underlines that all humans are biological creatures, which are ruled by certain instincts. In order to live a full life, they need to will to power and truth, create their own values, live according to them, and do not take into consideration the principle of other people, who are not as strong as they are.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without any doubts, to hear about the death of God may shock lots of people. (Kuehls, 6) However, exactly such ideas attract the attention of many readers. Searching for truth is one of the most important things in the whole world. People spend lots of time in order to comprehend what is really truth and what is not. Friedrich Nietzsche created a wonderful work Beyond Good and Evil to help p eople and show them one of the possible ways in such kind of searching. He divides people according to their genders and points out why he makes such a choice. He grounds each his idea with the help of historically prevalent points of view and explain it to the reader. It is crucially important to comprehend all his words not literary, as it constricts the meaning he wants to represent. The death of God is the common idea for Nietzsche’s numerous works, and the reader should not accept it literary in order to understand that God’s death represents the crisis, people live in. In order to overcome this crisis, it is important to explore truth casting aside all moral, religious, and social principles. All people have the right of choice, and if their choice is to understand the truth of life, Nietzsche is eager to help them and show the right way. Works Cited Kuehls, T. Beyond Sovereign Territory: the Space of Ecopolitics. U of Minnesota Press, 1996. Nietzsche, F. W. Beyo nd Good and Evil. Plain Label Books, 1917. Nietzsche, F. W. The Gay Science. Cambridge University Science, 2001. This essay on Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche was written and submitted by user Alana Thompson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Inelastic Collision

Purpose: To use the ballistic pendulum to study inelastic collisions in which momentum but not energy is conserved. Also, to measure the initial velocity of a ball using the ballistic pendulum and compare it to that calculated from its range using the projectile motion equations. Theory: In this experiment there was a ball used to begin the collisions and gained its kinetic energy from the spring in the gun. We used two ways to find its initial velocity, the projectile motion method and the ballistic pendulum method. In the projectile motion method, we found the horizontal velocity when the ball leaves the gun from a height above the floor and we measured its range. We used the following equations: H = gt2/2 R = v0xt We solved for t in the top equation, put it into the bottom one, and solved for v0x, the initial velocity of the ball before collision. t = (2H/g)1/2 t = (1.0m/ 4.9 m/s2)1/2 t = .45s v0x = dx/t v0x = 1.91m/ .45s v0x = 4.2 m/s In the ballistic pendulum method we also calculated the initial velocity of the ball by measuring the maximum height reached by a ballistic pendulum when the ball was fired into it. The ball and pendulum had the same velocity afterwards because thy stuck together. The conservation of momentum can be found by the following equation: mbvob = (mb + mp) vf After the collision some energy is conserved naturally, the kinetic energy that the ball and pendulum have fight after the collision should equal the potential energy of the ball and the pendulum when they come to a stop. Shown by the equation below: .5( mb + mp) v2f = (mb + mp) gh or vf = (2gh)1/2 We used the following equations to examine the accumulation of energy before and after the collision: KEbefore = .5 (mbv20b) KEafter = .5 (mb + mp) v2f = (mb + mp) gh We also found the percent error. In this particular case, velocity is equal to the percent error in R plus on half the percent... Free Essays on Inelastic Collision Free Essays on Inelastic Collision Purpose: To use the ballistic pendulum to study inelastic collisions in which momentum but not energy is conserved. Also, to measure the initial velocity of a ball using the ballistic pendulum and compare it to that calculated from its range using the projectile motion equations. Theory: In this experiment there was a ball used to begin the collisions and gained its kinetic energy from the spring in the gun. We used two ways to find its initial velocity, the projectile motion method and the ballistic pendulum method. In the projectile motion method, we found the horizontal velocity when the ball leaves the gun from a height above the floor and we measured its range. We used the following equations: H = gt2/2 R = v0xt We solved for t in the top equation, put it into the bottom one, and solved for v0x, the initial velocity of the ball before collision. t = (2H/g)1/2 t = (1.0m/ 4.9 m/s2)1/2 t = .45s v0x = dx/t v0x = 1.91m/ .45s v0x = 4.2 m/s In the ballistic pendulum method we also calculated the initial velocity of the ball by measuring the maximum height reached by a ballistic pendulum when the ball was fired into it. The ball and pendulum had the same velocity afterwards because thy stuck together. The conservation of momentum can be found by the following equation: mbvob = (mb + mp) vf After the collision some energy is conserved naturally, the kinetic energy that the ball and pendulum have fight after the collision should equal the potential energy of the ball and the pendulum when they come to a stop. Shown by the equation below: .5( mb + mp) v2f = (mb + mp) gh or vf = (2gh)1/2 We used the following equations to examine the accumulation of energy before and after the collision: KEbefore = .5 (mbv20b) KEafter = .5 (mb + mp) v2f = (mb + mp) gh We also found the percent error. In this particular case, velocity is equal to the percent error in R plus on half the percent...

Managing Food and Beverage Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Food and Beverage Operations - Essay Example One of the key aspects that have led to the success of the Chinese restaurant is the introduction of two managerial posts that includes the kitchen manager and the food service manager. The major role of the food service manager is to handle all the cases that relate to the human resource as well as administrative duties. In order to create strong positive relationship with his or her employees either in the kitchen or in the services section, the manager is supposed to empower employees leading to a higher level of motivation. As depicted by John and Jennifer 2008, kitchen manager have various duties that includes controlling other staff in the kitchen as well as ensuring maximum safety in the kitchen as depicted by the law. One of the major aspects that make the Chinese restaurant to attain a competitive edge in the market is the introduction of a menu that covers all the items as needed by the customers. In addition, the restaurant takes into consideration the cultural diversity o f its customers. This is depicted by the introduction of an English and Chinese menu. To create strong customer awareness the restaurant indicates the various ingredients that are used to prepare the various foods prepared in the kitchen. The restaurant delivers it services in an excellent way thus leading to customer satisfaction. For example, through standard recipe the restaurant has a control of the quantity as well as quality of the food prepared in the kitchen. Key aspects as indicated by John and Jennifer (2008) that are covered by the standard recipe include portion size, ingredient lists, cooking time and temperatures, menu item name among others. Likewise, the restaurant image is enhanced by the attractive decoration, appropriate layout as well as efficient sitting plan. According to Graham (2006) the history and the style of the food is a major consideration during decorating of a restaurant. Similarly, Graham and Oxley (2003) argue that servicescapes also referred to as built environment plays a vital role of enhancing personal traits, customer satisfaction in a restaurant. As a guest to the restaurant I am not only attracted by the wide range of information that guides me in the purchasing process but also by the effective flow of services both in the kitchen and in the service section. As argued by Graham (2001), work flow in the kitchen is an aspect that ensured continuity in the production and offering high class services to the customers. Use of the right equipment is one of the primary aspects that have resulted to efficient work flow in the kitchen. The adoption of food safety is another aspect that has made the restaurant to attain a competitive edge in the market. It is worth to note that safety of the employees and food cannot be overlooked in any restaurant. In its effort to ensure that all its food is safe, the restaurant emulates the Hazard Analyses Critical Control Point (HACCP). According to Almanza et al, (2000) HACCP is an approach that is employed by firms dealing with food and beverages to identify evaluate and control food safety hazards.

Corporation law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Corporation law - Essay Example Andy and Robert made some mistakes by not signing a written agreement on their partnership, by not choosing to set up an appropriate legal entity and by letting their personal relationship interfere in business. the real type of partnership between Andy and Robert, considering that the enterprise is called Freedom Diving, Leisure & Co, & Co – referring to a specific level of employees’ involvement in the management of the company; First of all, the legal status of Freedom Diving, Leisure & Co should be analyzed in order to seek out the legal implications of the two partners. Including ‘&Co’ in the name of the company implies that the employees participate in the management of the enterprise. Considering that at the beginning of their partnership Andy and Robert did not have employees, it is possible to assume that they were not aware of the legal stipulations in this matter and they just went along with the name they liked. On the other hand, the partners had legal alternatives to their partnership, but I would have advised them to choose a form of Limited Liability Partnership or Limited Company, both options having their advantages. On the other hand, a limited partner cannot participate in the management of the company4, otherwise he will become just as liable as a general partner5. In the case of Andy and Robert, the non-participation in the management of their own company is far from being possible, as it is they who are qualified in diving and it is a hobby that has become a source of income. As it has already been mentioned, both legal structures have numerous advantages, but there are some disadvantages that are difficult to avoid. The partners – Andy and Robert - should choose the one that fits their type of business best. On the other hand, there is a big minus in the LLP option – the fact that limited partners cannot participate in the management of the company, otherwise they

Anne Tyler's Digging to America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anne Tyler's Digging to America - Essay Example Although the novel's perspective shifts among its many characters, Sami's mother Maryam is at its narrative and emotional heart, who carefully tries to preserve her 'outsiderness'' and despite having emigrated from Iran almost 40 years earlier, is frequently perplexed by her son and daughter-in-law's ongoing relationship with the loud, opinionated, unapologetically American Donaldson. Anne Tyler uses the story of the families' growing friendship to explore what it means to be American . Two families keep in touch and meet every year to celebrate the day when they adopted two little girls from Korea. The Donaldsons and Yazdans have very different approaches to non-biological parenthood - Brad and Bitsy, "whose cultural sensitivity verges on aggression" (Schillinger, 2006), insist on calling their daughter Jin-ho, a Korean birth name, and dress her in Korean clothes while trying to retain the ethnic heritages of her daughter. Ziba and Sami Yazdan, in contrast, do their best to Americanize their daughter - the original name Sooki is replaced by more American Susan, which is also "a comfortable sound for Iranians to pronounce" (Matthews, 2006) and the way of life does not seem to be Korean for a girl. Despite the opposite brining up approaches the families maintain their relationship, and the reason is no

Prison Dog Training Program by Breakthrough Buddies

Prison Dog Training Program by Breakthrough Buddies Breakthrough Buddies (BB) is an organization which proposes an innovated health intervention using animal assisted therapy (ATT). Breakthrough Buddies mission is to enhance the mental, social, and physical well-being of incarcerated people; impart marketable skills in inmates for post-release job prospects; and increase shelter dog adoption rates. AAT connects people living with cognitive, emotional and/or physical issues with an appropriate animal, which becomes the fundamental element of their treatment. Selection of participating inmates is essential to the success of the program; as such we have developed strict selection guidelines. Prisoners interested in entering the program must complete an official application form and must have maintained good behavior during the six months prior to applying. This requirement creates an incentive for good behaviors, as wrong actions can cost the inmate the opportunity (1). Inmates chosen must be willing and able to participate; this criterion demonstrations the inmates motivation to want to change his behaviors. Prisoners with any severe physical or mental illness that may jeopardize the safety of staff members, dogs or other participants will not be permitted to join. Inmates must have no more than 5 years left before their earliest release date, and no less than 12 months before their earliest release date. Furthermore, selected inmates must have possession of, or be in the process of completing a GED or high school diploma; this requiremen t increases work commitment, motivation for education, and betterment of self. Finally, inmates convicted of animal abuse or violence against women will not be granted admission into the program. There is a strong correlation of animal abuse and violence against women, particularly domestic violence, and this criterion will decrease or eliminate abuse of the dogs as well as ensure that trainees who use their sills in the future are well-meaning and nonviolent (!!!!!). Criteria for the dogs entering the program are extensive as well. Dogs will be screened in an in-depth temperament test, conducted by a professional dog trainer, and must show no signs of aggression towards humans or animals. The dogs chosen must be in good health, which will be determined in health exams performed by veterinarian staff at Dixon Animal Shelter. The dogs will come exclusively from Dixon Animal Shelter and will be up to date on vaccinations, spaying and neutering. The no-kill shelter, which is located on prison grounds, opened in December 2010 after functioning in 2006 and 2008 as a temporary emergency shelter for animals abandoned by Hurricanes Katrina and Gustav. Fifty-two dogs at a time are housed in the shelters adoption center and in the event of an emergency, the shelter can hold up to 500 dogs and cats (!!!!!! ). The partnership of Dixon Animal Shelter and Breakthrough Buddies will be mutually beneficial in that the shelter will provide dogs for training and we will return well-behaved dogs that are more likely to be adopted. The intervention program consists of many different levels. The program is ongoing for the inmate but is an eight- week training program for the dogs. During the first year of operation five dogs will be chosen at a time and three inmates will be assigned to each dog. There will be a lead handler/trainer, a secondary handler and a caretaker. Once the dogs are placed with their inmate group they will undergo eight weeks of basic obedience and agility activities, as well as house and crate training. Inmates will be required to engage their dogs in at least 30 minutes of agility exercise before the onset of daily training, helping to relax and expel some of the dogs energy before training. At the end of the eight-week training, adopted dogs will be placed in new homes , arranged by Dixon Animal Shelter, or will go back to the shelter and await adoption, and the inmates will receive a new set of dogs to begin a new session. The personnel needed to implement the program are: a professional dog trainer who uses positive reinforcement methods and who has experience working with prisoners and the penal system. Both a social worker and public health nurse experienced in correctional facilities work and penal system procedures, who will work alongside prison medical staff. A program coordinator, who will be in charge of organizing and will oversee the integrity of the program will be employed. Volunteers and other health professionals familiar with record keeping and research are also included in the intervention team. The Breakthrough Buddies organization has many goals that it hopes to achieve. BB hopes to improve the psychological, social, and physical state of inmates by improving self-esteem, and by providing non-threatening and non-judgmental affection. BB also hopes to stimulate a responsible attitude within the inmate as well as catalyze communication and social interaction among inmates in and out of the program, guards, and staff. BB wants to improve the atmosphere of the prison, help provide a new focus of attraction, provide a necessary diversion and provide needed companionship. The program also, hopes to improve or build upon the physical activities of the inmates. The use of animal therapy is not a new concept in todays medical and psychological fields. It began more than a century ago when hospitalized patients relished the companionship provided from a pet (t4). It was not until the 1960s that AAT emerged as an effective tool, helping people cope and rehabilitate (grp11). AAT is useful in a variety of settings such as hospitals, schools, nursing homes and prisons. Breakthrough Buddies focuses on providing meaningful experiences and skills for incarcerated individuals at Dixon Correctional Institution by using dog training as a form of AAT. Although we will bring our unique approaches and practices into the program, we modeled our program on the current animal training programs that have already demonstrated successes. These programs allow the community to see the inmates doing good deeds and provide inmates the opportunity for introspection. We want to make sure that the inmates are giving something back to the communities that they once violated, said the CommissionerÂÂ  of the Massachusetts Department ofÂÂ  Corrections Michael Maloney. This innovative program [inmates raise future service dogs for NEADS] is the latest of our reparation efforts, and allows inmates to contribute to society without compromising public safety or security in our institutionsÂÂ  (6). One of the more powerful examples of the impact animals have on the incarcerated can be found at the Oakwood Forensic Center, a hospital for the criminally insane. A patient in a ward housing the centers most depressed and non-communicative patients found an injured sparrow and conspired with other patients to keep the bird, regardless of the rules; not even plants were allowed on the grounds. The results were remarkable. The despondent and non-communicative patients took part in gathering insects and other supplies to care for the bird. The staff noticed for the first time some of the most severely disturbed patients began working in groups and relating openly with other patients and staff. A formal animal therapy program was put into place shortly after. The success of Oakwoods program has paved the way for numerous animal training programs (1). The Prison Pup Program; a puppy training program, at Bland Correctional Center in Virginia, a minimum-security facility, had results of increased work performance and social interaction among inmates. This sense of responsibility helped inmates trust and care for others beside themselves. One inmate expressed that working with the puppies helped him develop patience and reduced stress; another said the program helped him deal with the emotions that arise in prison and helped eliminate negative thinking through laughter. Inmates remarked that other programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous, anger management and drug rehabilitation programs, did not help them with their problems like Prison Pup Program had helped them it was considered a 100percent success (t4). In 1999, Downeast Correctional Facility, a medium-security prison in Maine, found success after one year of implementation. Under supervision by a full-time guard with experience in training dogs, inmates were allowed to take the dogs into town daily, exposing both dogs and inmates to the noises and crowds of the real world. After one year, two clear results were observed (6). Not only were the dogs remarkably well-trained by inmates, the atmosphere throughout the prison seemed less tense (t4). The commissioner of the Maine Department of Corrections, Martin Magnusson stated: The bonding that the prisoners have with these dogs by caring for them is visible throughout the prison environment. For some inmates this is their first encounter as a positive role model for the community (13). Project POOCH (Positive Opportunities Obvious Change With Hounds) of the MacLaren Youth Correctional Facility in Woodburn Oregon, demonstrated that animals also have a positive influence on juvenile delinquents. Sandra Merriam-Arduini, a researcher from Pepperdine University, spent three years studying the impact of animal training on juveniles. The study found that the juveniles who participated in the program showed greater respect for authority, were more honest, had empathy, self-confidence, social growth, patience, higher self-esteem, gained a higher level of responsibility and most importantly, zero recidivism rate (13, 4). B.N., a Project POOCH participant, said: Being taught to care for and appreciate these animals, along with the interaction we have with people from the outside, taught us compassion for things other than ourselves. Project POOCH is a great idea, and I hope that ideas such as this one will be used in other correctional facilities as a way of motivating people who need to learn to show kindness, friendship, trust and compassion (7). A national survey was conducted on prison-based animal training programs; the survey respondents overwhelmingly regarded these programs as positive and they support the implementation of animal training program in correctional facilities (t6). The programs discussed above collectively demonstrated the positive effects of AAT on inmates. Animals have the ability to bring a sense of serenity to a prison and they affect even the most hardened felons. Several studies and correctional facilities staff show support in the health benefits of animal-human bonding and suggest that AAT can greatly reduce stress and anxiety (t1). Interaction with animals often helps inmates reduce their aggression, depression and reclusion. To examine the relationship animal interaction and mental health of inmates, prison officials at Joseph Harp Correctional Center in Lexington Oklahoma recorded the aggressive incidents four months before the dogs arrived and four months after the dog-training program was ini tiated. They found a 43% decrease in the aggressive incidents of inmates, which indicated that dogs have a profound impact in reducing the levels of aggression among inmates (t4). The companionship and non-judgmental affection gained from a pet helps to break the barriers that exist among inmates, leading to better communication and are less defensive, allowing them to become more relaxed (t5). Moreover, animal-training requires physical activity and its advantage is the improvement in physical health. Research shows that interacting with animals can lower blood pressure, blood sugar levels and can reduce heart rate (15). In addition to benefitting mental well-being, physical health and social skills, animal-training program have also been shown to help inmates seeking employment after their release (t6). Most animal-training programs provided basic marketable and vocational skills, equipping inmates with basic training and grooming skills. The universal impact of AAT techniques is that inmates are motivated to set and achieve goals. The discipline, dedication, respect, patience and the amount of knowledge that inmates gain by participating in the program enable them to obtain and keep a job (t5). A prison based animal-training program is a win-win approach; it benefits the animals, inmates, community, institution and the nation as a whole. Previous studies, prison officials and staff are all in favor for the implementation of animal-training programs in prisons. Even after the inmates are released, BB will continue to conduct follow ups to monitor any success or failure of inmates being in an AAT program prior to release.

NT Model :: essays research papers fc

When Windows NT was developed the designers ensured that security features were built in unlike when for example when MS Dos was developed. By default NT has a minimum-security standard as developers assumed that the average user would not want a highly secured operating system. As a result, administrators must configure or ‘harden’ the security levels to meet the users requirements. There are three levels : 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimum – no/few security features are used, however the spreading of viruses should still be taken into consideration 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standard – most machines store some sort of sensitive information, which is where the use of log-ons, passwords etc apply 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High-level - used when highly sensitive data is involved, where there is a risk of theft etc Authentication an important area of security in relation to access controls, both to the system itself and to particular applications. NT allows the creation of accounts, which can be assembled into separate sections of e.g. users and administration. Both are set with separate privileges depending on the User ID and the password the user enters. The permission controls are based on security Ids found in a security access token which determines the users privileges. However in highly secured systems fingerprints can be used for authentication. Also, the built – in Guest account can restrict entry for casual users. As well as tracking the users access controls, NT also manages the applications access controls by using a subject. These can be divided into two classes, a simple subject and a server subject. With regards to the simple subject, depending on the users access token, it will be allocated a security context. While the server subject is implemented as a protected server which uses the security context of the client when acting on behalf of the client. There are two file systems available for NT, these include the FAT (File Allocation Table) system and the NTFS. However, the FAT system provides very little security as it was developed primarily with DOS in mind. In contrast NTFS was created specifically for Windows NT. It is fast, allows longer file names and is backward compatible with DOS programs. In order to facilitate the integrity of data at the hardware level, NT has a ‘built-in fault tolerance’. NTFS creates fault-tolerant disk subsystems in different ways. One of which is called disk mirroring, whereby two partitions are required on two different disks, both using a single hard disk controller.

Mark Haddon Essay

Throughout the novel, the chapter headings are labelled in prime numbers instead of the normal cardinals, which is an important fact. This helps us to understand the character behind the surface. At the start of chapter 2 (headed 3), he says he knows all the prime numbers up to 7,507. This tells us that he is very good at maths and enjoys puzzles. People with Asperger’s syndrome are usually very intelligent, but find it difficult to express, since they easily get confused if somebody asks too many questions. At the start of chapter 7, Christopher says â€Å"this is a murder mystery novel†, which would indicate that there will be some detective terminology (a particular lexical register) used later on in the book. He also says that his hero is Sherlock Holmes (who incidentally solved a case called the Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time – where the title of the book comes from), who has the ability to â€Å"detach his mind† from anything not related to the problem, which is exactly what Christopher does. He could be â€Å"detached† when he does not do what he is told. In terms of semantics, Christopher only refers to the denotations of words, since he finds it difficult to understand connotations. The reader knows the literal meanings of the words, but also, they create certain negative connotations. When Christopher talks or writes, he does not take the connotations of the words into account. In the book, there are no metaphors, similes or any linguistic devices, as he tells us at the start of chapter 5, â€Å"this will not be a funny book, because I cannot tell jokes, because I do not understand them†. His lack of a sense of humour could be demonstrated by his total lack of understanding when Siobhan laughed. He does appear to feel anger when he tears the paper. He doesn’t use euphemisms, because he cannot see the point in evading the truth (incidentally, he doesn’t tell lies). For example, on page thirteen, he says â€Å"and people will be burnt to death, even if they live in tunnels†. Here, it is possible to detect a hint of pessimism. The choice of words that the author uses is not typical of the teenage social peer group. For example, he doesn’t say â€Å"wicked† since this would be a metaphor. This also enforces Christopher’s social isolation. Christopher does not use any of the more common spoken English techniques, for example; contractions, â€Å"But I could not be certain about this†. The contraction would be â€Å"couldn’t†. The language that Mark Haddon uses throughout the book is very formal. There are very few conjunctions since the book is written from Christopher’s point of view, and Christopher thinks very logically, in a structured, simple way. In conclusion, it can be seen that the opening chapters of this novel manage to seamlessly meld together the symptoms of Asperger’s syndrome, with narrative devices. The use of numbers and illustrations, allow the reader to enter a world which although strange to us is a familiar and usual one of the main character. The language structures, such as the use of short sentences echo the thinking methods of Christopher, and the author’s use of unemotional and denotative vocabulary is an excellent way to demonstrate Christopher’s own lack of complex emotions. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

The Life and Times of Archery Essays

The Life and Times of Archery Essays The Life and Times of Archery Essay The Life and Times of Archery Essay The Life and Times of Archery Introduction Have you ever shot a bow, would you like to? Well I really love to shoot a bow and hunt with one. Preview Today I would like to take you through the history of archery throughout the centuries. I’m going to give you three main points about archery; early bows, how bows were used in Europe throughout the middle ages and how archery has evolved today. Transition: The bow is born I. Early bows. The earliest bows known to date were discovered in what is today Africa. They were simple and made from small saplings and were stung with animal sinew, which is dried animal guts. The Chinese made bows out of bamboo and were strung with vines, needless to say these bows weren’t very accurate or effective. When used for hunting they injured many more animals than they would have actually killed. They had very simple feather fletching and crude stone or flint arrowheads. The bow was what came to replace the spear and when used together they cave early people a huge advantage in hunting. This was the main use for early bows. Transition: There is a new need for the bow. II. The bows use throughout the middle ages in Europe As the middle ages came, uses for the bow changed dramatically. Rather than hunting, bows were now being used in war to kill other people instead of animals. Bow designs changed as well they got longer and were made from heavier larger pieces of wood. This was to increase range and killing ability. These new bows could be as long as or taller than the archer himself, and were ironically called â€Å"longbows†. long lines of bowmen played a key role in warfare at this time and charging troops could be wiped-out very quickly. Bows also proved very effective when they were used by soldiers riding horses or riding in chariots. In England the use of the bow started to hit a decline somewhere in the 15th century. This was mainly caused by a shortage of wood for making the bows. A grown supply of wood was needed to ensure that the bow could stay in use. So the yew tree was grown in many areas. According to library. think quest. org, Charles VII, ordered that yew trees were to be grown in every Normandy churchyard, and the British who were large consumers of yew wood, made a trade agreement with Italy because Italian yew was the highest quality wood. Despite being an ancient weapon it has held a strong military significance in several countries until modern times. Transition: Archery†¦an American sport. III. Archery is a modern sport. Archery as a sport had a late arrival to America. The United Bowmen, which was founded in 1828 is where archery as a sport was rooted in American history. This Philadelphia based club still exists today. The sports popularity grew quite fast and soon in 1879 the National Archery Assn. was founded. Unfortunately the depression that soon followed all but stopped archeries growth. Fortunately shortly after the depression ended the growth kicked off right where it ended. Interest in archery grew along with techniques in bow making, scientists started to create new ways to make bows and the material of choice was laminated fiberglass. This hade a huge impact on the speed and accuracy of bows because the faster you can shoot an arrow makes the bow shoot a tighter group. Archery became an Olympic sport in 1900 at the Paris games. The only thing shot were hay targets and all competitors shot longbows. Unfortunately Olympic popularity in archery all but went away by the 1920 games. But in 1970 it was again set as an Olympic event for both men and women. The stands at the 1984 Olympics were filled to capacity with fans wanting to watch the archery event. Advances in archery have continued to increase at staggering rate. Transition: What’s next? Conclusion: Archery has been around for thousands and thousands of years and has been one of the most diverse activities, wheatear you are holing off a charging infantry, killing a deer, or winning the gold for your country it will survive for generations to come. Bibliography: www. library. thinkquest. org/archeryhistory

Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Example

Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Example Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Ethical issues Abstract The current developments in the medical technology combined with the declining influence of religious morality in the community have made the church encounter different issues associating to life and death, which were additionally nonexistent in the past or were of comparatively associated with varying happenings, in our traditions. It is vital to handle these matters, and provide some outline in relation with the laws of the scriptures. It is not our concern to address these matters profoundly, but to offer sufficient foundation for the ethical decision-making. It has been defined that about 10-15 percent of married couples in the world are infertile, an extra 10 percent have few children than they expected. Childlessness is a burden to most people and couples currently. Nothing could be done to correct or cure infertility in the past, but in the modern days, there are even more other alternatives than needed because of the advances in medical technology. However, there are moral and ethical repercussions embedded in these processes, which makes these practices undesirable. Introduction Assisted reproduction (ARTs) is one way of having children without necessarily engaging in intercourse. Many individuals who opt for ARTs because of infertility and other approaches of curing their infertility have become futile. Some individuals with no fertility challenges choose ARTs to reduce the risk of transmitting some genetic turmoil. However, many scholars have taken different sides on the usefulness of the approach. Some encourages its use with minimum reservation, stressing on the gains they provide the infertile couples and woman who desire to reproduce without a partner of the opposite sex. Those supporting ARTs claim that the community ought to respect personal decisions concerning reproductive issues, referring to the official and ethical rules of individual dependency and lack of proofs that ARTs leads to substantial damage (Scott, 2000). Those opposing have demonstrated concerns on some given aspects or effects of these technologies. They are worried that too much application of ARTs in the society would result to children being products of manufacturers as per the parent’s condition, instead of distinct individuals to be adopted and loved unconditionally. On the other hand, the process is too costly implying that the approach will only help the rich because they can afford such expenses, while the poor will remain with the problem. In addition, the method is still undergoing investigation hence, it is not clear whether the ARTs processes are entirely safe for both the mother and the offspring or not. Connection between reproductive cancers and hormones are known, but women taking these procedures have not been assessed to analyze their risk to these dangers (Wennerholm et. al, 2000). The world has entered into a new age where babies can scientifically be developed in a Petri dish using the sperm of a man and the egg of a woman, then the ensuing embryo transferred to a second woman’s womb for gestation. By the application of fertility drugs and regular inspection, the embryo can develop in to a full baby that can then be given back to the parents who initiated the process, i. e. he persons who donated the sperm and the egg for the procedure. This is what surrogacy is all about. Starting with the idea of creating the child in a test tube and transferring to the womb is in itself shocking as much as ethics are concerned. Infertile couples consider this the best method of having children, but the natural birth and baby development are not followed. Children ought to develop na turally and seek to inherit the genes of its parents, but in this case, the baby has genes from three different people. The other thing is the issue whereby a woman requests another woman womb at a cost. Individuals paying medical costs for a third party purportedly carrying their child, and who may at last refuse to give out the baby, engage in unethical ways (Storey, 2011). Sperm and egg donations also have some ethical issues in that both donors have some rights as pertaining to their donations. The clients have a right to be updated on the disadvantages their sperm or egg has with the likely complications that may result in case someone decides to purchase them. Ethically, that is not an acceptable practice has babies should develop naturally in their initial stages without being investigated for defects and other complications. On the other hand, sperm and egg banks are highly selective as to who should donate them. For instance, in California Cryobank accepts only graduate donors from  some universities. The procedure of the reproduction should not have such selection procedures. In contrast, those banks that do not have restrictions may allow someone to donate several times, which the children being created because of purchasing the sperm may come from one individual hence, resulting to related babies. The difference between ultra selective donor banks and those, which cater for the population that is more â€Å"normal,† put up some ethical issues. Ethical dilemmas surrounding surrogate parenting Surrogate parenting has many dilemmas especially regarding the relationship and ownership of the baby. The most common is the conflict of interest among the commissioning parents and the surrogate mother. Under this condition, it should be clear as to who should have full rights of the baby. Screening the concerned couples for proper identification of the surrogate mother should be carried out to reduce some of the dilemmas. Another dilemma may result when the surrogate mother feels that she is being exploited by the couple and not being well compensated. In such a case, she may end up refusing to let go of the baby and instead seek a court injunction. In addition, the traditional and cultural variances existing in the society has some complications regarding this form of bringing up the children. Women who volunteer as surrogate mothers are considered not complete by other cultures and this need to be resolved because it can affect the development of the child later in life (Storey, 2011). A family is usually made up of father, mother, and the children. However, in this case, the children have different parents attached to them. This makes the definition of a family not to be inclusive as we have a third person claiming and having links to the child. A child in a family definition has only one biological mother and one biological father. Because both mothers have a linkage to the child, it leaves room for the definition of the family to include such exceptional cases when defining a family (Storey, 2011). B. elective abortion Selective abortion is moral because the multiple surviving embryos may cause more harm to the mother before and after birth. For instance, the conception of such embryos may compete themselves for the reduced requirements provided by the mother, leading to retarded development since they would not get enough. In case, all the embryos are left to live, the society should be able to cater for all their needs especially helping the mother and the fam ily in financial terms to raise all the children at a go. The society should also provide basic amenities such as specific training schools for the mental retarded, and support them as much as they can (Bouchard et. al, 1995). Those with defects should be provided with aiding machines or tools that can enable them move from one place to another. For those who are willing, they should also volunteer to take up the responsibility of medical expenses and other requirements prescribed by the healthcare officers. c. Ethical issues surrounding abortion Abortion, for many years, has been illegal in most countries, but nowadays people are fighting for it to be legal. However, in religious beliefs, any form of terminating human life is murder, regardless of whether it is a fetus, infant, or purportedly minor members of the society like the handicapped and the old. Abortion is murder, and it breaches the sacredness of God’s given life. Christians believe that life starts at conception and God alone has the right to take it. Nevertheless, pro-choice supporters claim that restricting abortion raises the occurrences of unsafe abortion, since the accessibility of professional abortion can minimize such cases. Sometimes, those incidences result to maternal mortality. The ethical discussion concerning abortion normally rotates on matters of whether the fetus can be given any rights especially the right to life and whether the woman has some rights over her body. In some places, abortion is only allowed if the life of the mother is in danger, or if the fetus is deformed (Bouchard et. al, 1995). Conclusion Reproduction starts with the interaction between the opposite sexes, after which embryos can develop. Modern technologies have reduced the challenges of childlessness through the various inventions, although some individuals still do not appreciate the God-given life, ending up killing others through abortion. Abortion is of two types: direct abortion is never morally accepted while the indirect abortion, which occurs due to some unavoidable events, is allowed as a way of saving the mother. The pro-life argue from the Christian point of view and have to follow the doctrines, for it is the foundation of their living. Any form of birth control is, therefore, unacceptable as it leads to depriving someone life and is morally wrong in the society. Illegal abortion is also extremely risky as it may endanger the life of the mother, as well. References: Bouchard L, Renaud M, Kremp O, Dallaire L. (1995). Selective abortion: a new moral order? Consensus and debate in the medical community. International Journal of Health Service, 25 (1) 65-84. Scott, G. (2000). Ethical Issues and Assisted Reproductive Technology: Human Reproduction. 15, (1) 944-948. Storey, G. (2011). Ethical Problems Surrounding Surrogate Motherhood. Retrieved on June 16, 2011, from yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2000/7/00. 07. 05. x. html

Wal-Marts Sustainability Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Wal-Marts Sustainability Strategy - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Wal-Mart is one of the most successful groups with operations in 27 countries, has more than 10,000 stores with different departments and employs over 2 million people. The aim was to improve the lives of the people by saving their money while making the profit through reduced expenses and improved management. They operate as supercenters, food and drug store, restaurants, general merchandise stores, warehouse clubs, small markets, discount stores human and cash and carry stores. Its strategic management has been based on five principles: resource development, reduced expenses, online shopping services, satisfied customers and social and environmental responsibility.These have led to the rapid growth in revenue, customer base, and workforce. Like any other large international companies, there need to develop a proper management strategy to ensure the business fulfills its mission. The company employs over two million employees across the world and has been accused of violating their rights. According to Marshall, their employees went on strike in Los Angeles after several months of trying to reach out to the company’s executives with success. Prior to this strike, there was also the demonstration in other regions, with the employees complaining of low wages, health risk, and poor treatment while at work. There has been the case of a firing of workers that are actively involved in their trade union OUR Wal-Mart. OUR Wal-Mart has filed several cases on unfair treatment of the workers Such as termination, warnings or reduced working hours. Most complaints seem to be a strategy by the executives to reduce the cost of labor and eventually reducing the operational cost. The reduction in expenses is supposed to increase sales and revenue. Staff reduction can hinder proper management of day to day activities in the stores as well as in factories. Each outlet has different management and this has worsened the situation, some stores lac k proper safety facilities, do not give employment contract to their employees, and poor sanitation.

Analysis of Sustainability in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of Sustainability in Practice - Essay Example As a technology company, Siemens worldwide aims to capture opportunities for sustainable advancement of customers and the organization. Corporate social responsibility generates sustained value for the betterment of society. Siemens is a future-oriented company which believes in sustainable development and responsibilities towards the society and has undergone out of the way to fulfill its commitment to the welfare of people, earth and the business. Sustainable development is beautifully explained as â€Å"Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (Grayson et. al 2012). Sustainability is seen as the eco-development approach for the preservation of resources. Moreover, social responsibility is an obligation to assume corporate duties for the welfare of society (Ebner & Baumgartner 2006). Seeking economic benefits stays as the mission for the existence of any business. However, CSR provides societal development which in directly supports the motive of the business. By long-term value creation for the society, businesses fulfill their duty as a member and contribute to the growth of the firm. Proponents of sustainable development suggest that resources are scarce so sustainable use is crucial for growth otherwise the quality of life will worsen (Blewitt 2008). For instance, if a tree is slashed without planting another one, this will eventually turn a forest into a desert. The issue of sustainability has become even more challenging with the massive growth in population because it will raise the consumption and demand for resources. Sustainability involves a firm commitment towards needs of the poor along with economic and social improvement and also realizing the limited nature of resources. Corporate Social Responsibility is an ethical  obligation to the community at large.